Communication Networks
NCERT Class 10 • Contemporary India II • Chapter "Lifelines of National Economy" | NCERT Class 12 • India People and Economy • Chapter "Transport and Communication"
Communication Networks
Communication is the exchange of messages and ideas. It is divided into personal communication, which passes between named individuals, and mass communication, which reaches a very large audience at once. Modern communication has made distance far less of a barrier than it once was.
Personal Communication
- India's postal network is one of the largest in the world and reaches remote villages and hill areas.
- Postal traffic is handled as first class mail such as cards and envelopes, carried by air between stations, and second class mail such as book packets, registered newspapers and periodicals, carried by surface.
- Special channels like Rajdhani, Metro, Green, Business and Bulk mail were introduced to speed up bulk handling.
- The telecom network is one of the largest in the world, and mobile telephony has spread very widely.
- Subscriber trunk dialling removed the need for an operator for long distance calls.
- The internet carries email, messaging, banking, ticketing and e-governance services to households and offices.
Mass Communication and Its Role
- Radio reaches remote and low literacy areas because it needs no reading and little power.
- Television carries news, education, farm information and entertainment to a very large audience.
- Newspapers in many languages remain important; India publishes in a large number of languages.
- Cinema and video have grown into a major industry and a strong cultural influence.
- Mass communication spreads government programmes, weather warnings and health messages quickly.
- It also supports national integration by letting different regions see and hear one another.
- Its main risk is the spread of rumour and false information, so verified sources matter.
- E-governance now delivers certificates, pensions and grievance redress through the same networks.
| Type | Examples | Reach |
|---|---|---|
| Personal | Post, telephone, email | One to one |
| Mass print | Newspapers, magazines | Literate audience |
| Mass electronic | Radio, television | Very wide, includes non-readers |
| Internet | Web, messaging, e-services | Wide and interactive |
Mass communication — communication that reaches a very large number of people at the same time through print or electronic media.
Hindi me samjhein
व्यक्तिगत संचार दो लोगों के बीच होता है, जैसे पत्र या फोन। जनसंचार एक साथ बहुत बड़े समूह तक पहुंचता है, जैसे रेडियो और टेलीविजन।
Exam me kaise aata hai
- Cards and envelopes come under — first class mail
- Book packets and periodicals come under — second class mail
- Which medium works best in low literacy areas — radio
- Dialling long distance without an operator is called — subscriber trunk dialling
UPSC/State PSC ke liye
- Radio remains important in disaster management because it works on low power, needs no literacy, and keeps working when networks and electricity fail.
- Mass communication supports national integration only when it carries regional languages and local content, not a single dominant voice.
Yahan confuse hote hain
✗ Second class mail is carried by air | First class mail is air carried; second class goes by surface | ✓
✗ Mass communication means talking to one person | Mass communication reaches a very large audience | ✓
✗ Television reaches remote areas better than radio | Radio reaches them better because it needs little power and no literacy | ✓
Ek nazar me
- Communication is personal or mass.
- First class mail goes by air; second class mail by surface.
- Telecom and internet have spread widely across India.
- Mass media spread information and support national integration.