Blood Relations: Statement Chains and Pointing Questions
Blood Relations: Statement Chains and Pointing Questions
Blood relation questions describe a family in words and ask how two people are related. The only reliable method is a small family tree: generations as rows, + for male and − for female, a double line for a married couple. NTPC asks direct statement chains, "pointing to a photograph" sentences, in-law relations, and cases where a gender is missing.
1. Relation Vocabulary
| Relation | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Father's or mother's father | Grandfather |
| Father's brother | Uncle (chacha or tau); his wife is aunt (chachi or tai) |
| Mother's brother | Maternal uncle (mama); his wife is maternal aunt (mami) |
| Father's sister / mother's sister | Aunt (bua / mausi) |
| Brother's or sister's son / daughter | Nephew / niece |
| Uncle's or aunt's child | Cousin |
| Wife's or husband's brother; sister's husband | Brother-in-law |
| Wife's or husband's sister; brother's wife | Sister-in-law |
| Son's wife / daughter's husband | Daughter-in-law / son-in-law |
| Grandfather's only son | Father (when the speaker's father is that son) |
Tree symbols: + male, − female, = married couple, vertical line parent to child, horizontal line siblings
Read long chains from the end: "my grandfather's only son" → that son is the speaker's father
✗ B is the sister of C, so C is B's sister | ✓ C's gender is not given; C is B's brother or sister
✗ "Her son's father" is her brother | ✓ Her son's father is her husband
हिंदी नोट: रक्त संबंध प्रश्नों में छोटा पारिवारिक वृक्ष बनाइए: पुरुष के लिए +, स्त्री के लिए −, विवाहित जोड़े के लिए =। लंबी शृंखला को अंत से पढ़िए, और जिसका लिंग न दिया हो उसे मत मानिए।
Exam Pointer: Verified NTPC patterns: a statement chain through "the only daughter of someone's mother" (January 2021 CBT-1) and pointing or introducing sentences (April 2016 CBT-1). In-law chains and missing-gender cases had no separate verified shift and are tagged syllabus-based.
Pariksha Pattern: Every Way NTPC Asks This Topic
Pattern 1: Direct statement chains
[PYQ: NTPC CBT-1 7-Jan-2021 Shift-2]
EXAM LEVEL
Q. A is the brother of B. B is the daughter of C. C is the husband of D. How is A related to D?
B is the child of C and D, and A is B's brother, so A is a son of D.
Answer: Son
EXAMATLAS LEVEL
Q. Kiran is the son of Anil's father's only daughter. Anil is married to Rekha. How is Rekha related to Kiran?
Anil's father's only daughter is Anil's sister, so Kiran is Anil's sister's son (Anil is his maternal uncle). Rekha, Anil's wife, is Kiran's maternal uncle's wife.
Answer: Maternal aunt (mami)
Pattern 2: Pointing to a person or photograph
[PYQ: NTPC CBT-1 19-Apr-2016 Shift-1]
EXAM LEVEL
Q. Pointing to a man, Seema said, "He is the son of my paternal grandfather's only son." How is the man related to Seema?
Her paternal grandfather's only son is her father. The son of her father is her brother.
Answer: Brother
EXAMATLAS LEVEL
Q. Pointing to a woman in a photograph, Vikram said, "Her son's father is the only son-in-law of my mother." How is the woman related to Vikram?
Her son's father is her husband. The only son-in-law of Vikram's mother is the husband of Vikram's sister. So the woman is married to that man: she is Vikram's sister.
Answer: Sister
Pattern 3: In-law chains
[Pattern: syllabus-based, PYQ-style]
EXAM LEVEL
Q. X is the wife of Y, and Z is Y's mother. How is X related to Z?
X is married to Z's son.
Answer: Daughter-in-law
EXAMATLAS LEVEL
Q. M is the father of N. N is the wife of O. P is O's brother, and Q is P's daughter. How is Q related to N, and how is M related to O?
Q is the daughter of N's husband's brother, so Q is N's niece. M is the father of O's wife, so M is O's father-in-law.
Answer: Niece; father-in-law
Pattern 4: Missing genders and multi-step lines
[Pattern: syllabus-based, PYQ-style]
EXAM LEVEL
Q. A is the child of B, and B is the sister of C. How is C related to A?
C is a sibling of A's mother, but C's gender is not given, so C is A's maternal uncle or maternal aunt.
Answer: Maternal uncle or aunt (cannot be decided)
EXAMATLAS LEVEL
Q. R is the son of S. S is the only daughter of T. U is T's husband. How is R related to U, and how is U related to S?
S is the daughter of T and U, so U is S's father. R, S's son, is U's grandson.
Answer: Grandson; father
60-Second Revision
- Draw the tree: generations in rows, + and − for gender, = for couples.
- Read "only son", "only daughter" chains from the end.
- Never assume a gender that is not stated.
- In-laws come through a marriage line, never through blood.