Conservation Projects and Laws
NCERT Class 10 • Science • Chapter "Forest and Wildlife Resources" | NCERT Class 12 • Biology • Chapter "Biodiversity and Conservation"
Conservation Projects and Laws
India protects its wildlife through a combination of species specific projects, a legal framework covering forests and wildlife, and international agreements. Together these give the protected area system its rules, its funding and its place in a global effort.
Species Projects and Laws
- Project Tiger, launched in 1973, protects the tiger by protecting its whole habitat rather than the animal alone.
- Project Elephant, launched in 1992, works on elephant habitat, migration corridors and reduction of conflict with people.
- Projects for the one horned rhinoceros, the crocodile, the snow leopard and the great Indian bustard address species of particular concern.
- The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 created the legal basis for national parks, sanctuaries and lists of protected species.
- The Forest Conservation Act of 1980 restricts the diversion of forest land to non forest use.
- The Environment Protection Act of 1986 provides the overall framework for protecting air, water, land and living things.
- The Biological Diversity Act of 2002 regulates access to biological resources and associated traditional knowledge.
Habitat Protection and International Effort
- Wetlands are protected because they store water, control floods, recharge groundwater and host migratory birds.
- The Ramsar Convention is the international agreement on conserving wetlands of international importance.
- Mangroves and coral reefs receive special attention because they shield the coast and support very high marine diversity.
- Coastal regulation restricts construction and activity close to the shoreline.
- CITES is the international agreement controlling trade in endangered species and their products.
- The Convention on Biological Diversity commits countries to conserve diversity, use it sustainably and share benefits fairly.
- Conservation succeeds only where local communities gain from it, which is why livelihood and conservation are now planned together.
| Project or Law | Year | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Project Tiger | 1973 | Protect the tiger and its habitat |
| Wildlife Protection Act | 1972 | Legal basis for protected areas |
| Forest Conservation Act | 1980 | Restrict diversion of forest land |
| Project Elephant | 1992 | Elephant habitat and corridors |
Ramsar Convention — the international agreement for the conservation and wise use of wetlands of international importance.
Hindi me samjhein
प्रोजेक्ट टाइगर बाघ की नहीं, उसके पूरे आवास की रक्षा करता है, क्योंकि शीर्ष परभक्षी बचाने का अर्थ पूरे पारितंत्र को बचाना है। रामसर अभिसमय आर्द्रभूमि संरक्षण का अंतरराष्ट्रीय समझौता है।
Exam me kaise aata hai
- Project Tiger was launched in — 1973
- The Wildlife Protection Act was passed in — 1972
- The international agreement on wetlands is the — Ramsar Convention
- Which agreement controls trade in endangered species — CITES
UPSC/State PSC ke liye
- Protecting a top predator such as the tiger protects the whole ecosystem beneath it, which is why species projects are in practice habitat projects.
- Conservation that ignores local livelihoods creates conflict, so benefit sharing is not a courtesy but a condition for the programme to work at all.
Yahan confuse hote hain
✗ Project Tiger protects only the tiger | It protects the tiger's entire habitat | ✓
✗ Ramsar and CITES cover the same subject | Ramsar covers wetlands; CITES covers trade in endangered species | ✓
✗ Project Elephant came before Project Tiger | Project Tiger was 1973 and Project Elephant 1992 | ✓
Ek nazar me
- Project Tiger 1973 and Project Elephant 1992 protect habitat, not just the animal.
- Wildlife Protection Act 1972 and Forest Conservation Act 1980 give the legal framework.
- Wetlands come under Ramsar; trade in endangered species under CITES.
- Conservation works only when local communities share in its benefits.
Ab practice karein
Biodiversity aur conservation se har exam me date aur project based questions aate hain. ExamAtlas ke mock test se abhi jaanchein.