India's Climate Response
NCERT Class 12 • Biology • Chapter "Environmental Issues" | NCERT Class 10 • Contemporary India II • Chapters on resources
India's Climate Response
India faces a double problem. It is among the countries most vulnerable to climate change because of its long coastline, its Himalayan glaciers and its dependence on the monsoon, yet it also needs a great deal more energy to raise living standards.
Why India Is Vulnerable
- A long coastline and densely settled deltas are exposed to sea level rise, storm surge and salt water intrusion.
- Himalayan glaciers feed the great rivers, so their retreat threatens the water supply of the northern plains.
- Agriculture depends on the monsoon, so a change in its timing or strength affects food production directly.
- Millions depend on rain fed farming with little capacity to absorb a bad year.
- Cities face heat waves, urban flooding and water scarcity together.
- Cyclones on the east coast and glacial lake outburst floods in the hills are becoming more damaging.
- Poorer households are most exposed, since they have the least ability to recover from a shock.
India's Response
- Renewable energy capacity, especially solar and wind, has expanded rapidly and is now a central part of energy planning.
- Energy efficiency in appliances, buildings and industry cuts emissions and cost together.
- Afforestation and restoration of degraded land increase the carbon absorbed and improve soil and water.
- Cleaner cooking fuel in rural homes reduces both indoor pollution and emissions.
- Public transport, metro rail and electric vehicles address the fast growing transport sector.
- Adaptation in agriculture uses drought and flood tolerant varieties, micro irrigation, crop insurance and weather advisories.
- Early warning systems for cyclones and floods have already sharply reduced loss of life, which shows adaptation working.
| Area | Action | Benefit |
|---|---|---|
| Energy | Solar and wind expansion | Lower emissions from power |
| Efficiency | Better appliances and buildings | Lower emissions and cost |
| Forests | Afforestation and restoration | Carbon absorption, soil and water |
| Agriculture | Tolerant varieties, micro irrigation | Protection against a bad year |
Adaptation — adjusting practices, systems and infrastructure to reduce harm from climate changes already under way.
Hindi me samjhein
शमन उत्सर्जन घटाता है और अनुकूलन पहले से हो रहे परिवर्तन से बचाव करता है। भारत को दोनों चाहिए, क्योंकि कुछ परिवर्तन अब टल नहीं सकता जबकि आगे का उत्सर्जन घटाया जा सकता है।
Exam me kaise aata hai
- Which Indian region's glaciers feed the great rivers — the Himalaya
- Which season does Indian agriculture most depend on — the monsoon
- Adjusting to changes already under way is called — adaptation
- Which measure cuts both emissions and cost — energy efficiency
UPSC/State PSC ke liye
- India's per capita emissions remain low while its total is large, which is exactly why it argues for equity while also acting on its own.
- Early warning systems show that adaptation can save lives at relatively low cost, which makes them among the most efficient climate investments available.
Yahan confuse hote hain
✗ Mitigation and adaptation are alternatives | Both are needed together | ✓
✗ Climate change affects all households equally | Poorer households are most exposed and least able to recover | ✓
✗ Renewable energy alone solves the problem | Efficiency, forests, transport and adaptation are also required | ✓
Ek nazar me
- India is highly vulnerable through its coast, glaciers and monsoon dependence.
- Response includes renewable energy, efficiency, afforestation and cleaner fuel.
- Agriculture adapts through tolerant varieties, micro irrigation and advisories.
- Early warning systems have already reduced loss of life sharply.
Ab practice karein
Climate change se har exam me India specific questions bhi aate hain. ExamAtlas ke mock test se abhi practice karein.