Sadan and Other Communities
Sadan and Other Communities
Jharkhand is not only tribal. The Sadan are the non-tribal communities native to the region who speak its regional languages, and together with tribal groups they form the state's composite society.
Sadan — non-tribal communities native to the region | Languages — Nagpuri, Khortha, Kurmali, Panchpargania
Who the Sadan are
- The Sadan are the region's long-settled non-tribal communities
- They speak the regional languages of the plateau rather than a tribal language
- Main languages — Nagpuri, Khortha, Kurmali and Panchpargania
- Communities included are Kurmi, Ahir or Yadav, Teli, Lohar, Kumhar, Sunri and others
- They are distinguished from dikku, the term used for outsiders from beyond the region
- They supported the Jharkhand statehood movement alongside tribal groups
Composite social structure
| Group | Broad description |
|---|---|
| Scheduled Tribes | About 26.2 percent of the population, 32 communities |
| Sadan | Native non-tribal communities speaking regional languages |
| Scheduled Castes | About 12 percent of the population |
| Later settlers | Communities that came with mining, industry and administration |
| Urban industrial population | Concentrated in Jamshedpur, Bokaro, Dhanbad and Ranchi |
Regional languages
- Nagpuri — spoken around Ranchi and the South Chotanagpur belt
- Khortha — spoken in the North Chotanagpur and Santhal Pargana side
- Kurmali — spoken in the Kolhan and Manbhum facing districts
- Panchpargania — spoken in the Tamar and Bundu belt near Ranchi
- Hindi is the state's official language, with several others given second language status
- These regional languages are a shared medium between tribal and Sadan communities
Why the Sadan matter
- They make the movement for statehood a regional demand, not only a tribal one
- The renaming of the Adivasi Mahasabha to the Jharkhand Party reflected this widening
- Binod Bihari Mahato brought the Kurmi and Sadan base into the JMM
- Regional language and culture are shared across tribal and Sadan lines
- Debates on domicile and local reservation turn on exactly this distinction
Points that get asked
- Meaning of Sadan — native non-tribal communities of the regionबार-बार पूछा जाता है
- Meaning of dikku — outsider
- Language around Ranchi — Nagpuri
- Language of the north Chotanagpur belt — Khortha
- Leader who brought the Sadan base into the JMM — Binod Bihari Mahato
Languages with second language status
- Hindi is the official language; Urdu, Bengali and Odia are widely used in border districts
- Santali is the only tribal language of the state in the Eighth Schedule
- Several tribal and regional languages have been given second state language status
- Tribal languages include Santali, Mundari, Ho, Kurukh, Kharia and Bhumij
- Regional languages include Nagpuri, Khortha, Kurmali, Panchpargania, Magahi, Angika and Maithili
- This linguistic spread is why a single state has so many recognised languages
सदान का अर्थ है इस क्षेत्र के मूल निवासी गैर-जनजातीय समुदाय, जो नागपुरी, खोरठा, कुरमाली जैसी क्षेत्रीय भाषाएं बोलते हैं। दिकू शब्द बाहर से आए लोगों के लिए है।
Memory hook — Do shabd alag rakho — Sadan = kshetra ke mool gair-janjati, Dikku = bahar se aaya. Aur char bhasha — Nagpuri, Khortha, Kurmali, Panchpargania.
Yahan confuse hote hain — Sadan aur dikku ek nahi hain.
✗ Sadan means outsiders who came for mining | ✓ Sadan are native non-tribal communities of the region; dikku means outsider
✗ Khortha Ranchi ke aas-paas boli jaati hai | ✓ Ranchi ke aas-paas Nagpuri; Khortha uttari Chotanagpur ki ore
Exam pointer — JSSC CGL, JTGLCCE aur JKCE me bhasha-kshetra matching aur Sadan ka arth seedhe aate hain. JPSC me domicile aur sthaniya neeti par Mains ka prashn banta hai, jahan ye ant ar samajhna zaroori hai. Char bhasha ke naam pakke kar lo.
Ek nazar me
- Sadan — native non-tribal communities of the region
- Dikku — outsider, historically landlord or trader
- Sadan languages — Nagpuri, Khortha, Kurmali, Panchpargania
- Nagpuri — Ranchi and South Chotanagpur
- Khortha — North Chotanagpur and Santhal Pargana side
- Kurmali — Kolhan and Manbhum facing districts
- ST share — about 26.2 percent; SC share — about 12 percent
- Hindi is the official language of the state
- Sadan support widened the statehood movement
- Binod Bihari Mahato brought this base into the JMM