Climate and Rainfall
Climate and Rainfall
Jharkhand has a tropical monsoon climate with three clear seasons. Annual rainfall is roughly 1,200 to 1,400 millimetres, of which the south-west monsoon delivers the overwhelming share between June and September.
Climate — tropical monsoon | Annual rainfall — about 1,200 to 1,400 mm | Monsoon — June to September
The three seasons
| Season | Months | Character |
|---|---|---|
| Summer | March to June | Hot and dry; peak heat before the monsoon |
| Monsoon | June to September | South-west monsoon; most of the year's rain |
| Winter | October to February | Cool and dry; clear skies |
Temperature
- Summer temperatures commonly range from about 25 to 45 degrees Celsius
- Winter temperatures commonly range from about 5 to 25 degrees Celsius
- Higher plateau surfaces such as Netarhat stay noticeably cooler
- Plateau elevation keeps the state cooler than the Bihar plains at the same latitude
- The Damodar valley and the lower eastern tract are the hottest parts in summer
Rainfall pattern
- Annual rainfall is roughly 1,200 to 1,400 mmबार-बार पूछा जाता है
- The south-west monsoon brings the great majority of it
- Rain arrives from the Bay of Bengal branch of the monsoon
- Rainfall generally decreases from the south-east toward the north-west
- Some winter rain comes from occasional western disturbances and local systems
- Because the plateau sheds water fast, high rainfall does not remove water scarcity
Agro-climatic zones
| Zone | Name | Broad area |
|---|---|---|
| Zone IV | Central and North Eastern Plateau | Ranchi, Hazaribagh and Santhal Pargana side |
| Zone V | Western Plateau | Palamu division and the western districts |
| Zone VI | South Eastern Plateau | Singhbhum and the southern belt |
Climate problems of the state
- Drought is common because rainfall is concentrated in a short season
- Rapid runoff over hard rock means little water is stored naturally
- Late or weak monsoon directly hits the kharif crop, especially paddy
- The western districts such as Palamu are the most drought-prone
- Flash flooding occurs in river valleys even in a poor rainfall year
- Irrigation cover is low, so agriculture depends heavily on the monsoon
Local weather words and events
- Loo — the hot dry wind of the peak summer weeks
- Kalbaisakhi — sharp pre-monsoon thunderstorms of the eastern belt
- Kharif — the monsoon crop season, dominated by paddy
- Rabi — the winter crop season, limited by weak irrigation
- Hailstorms in late winter damage vegetables and pulses in some years
- Lightning strikes during pre-monsoon storms are a recurring hazard in rural districts
झारखंड में वर्षा का अधिकांश भाग दक्षिण-पश्चिम मानसून की बंगाल की खाड़ी शाखा से आता है। पठार होने के कारण पानी तेजी से बह जाता है और सूखा आम है।
Memory hook — Teen ankde yaad rakho — 1,200-1,400 mm varsha, 3 mausam, 3 agro-climatic zone. Aur ek line — Varsha zyada, paani kam, kyunki pathar par paani ruk nahi paata.
Yahan confuse hote hain — Zyada varsha ka matlab paani ki bahulta nahi hai.
✗ High rainfall means Jharkhand has no water shortage | ✓ Rain runs off the hard plateau quickly, so scarcity is common
✗ Jharkhand me varsha Arab Sagar shakha se aati hai | ✓ Mukhya varsha Bangal ki Khadi shakha se aati hai
Exam pointer — JPSC me agro-climatic zones aur sookhe ka karan Mains me poochha jaata hai, aksar krishi ke saath. JSSC CGL, JTGLCCE aur JTET me seedha — varsha kitni, mausam kitne, kaunsa zila sookha-grast. Aankde approx yaad rakho, exact number ki zid mat karo.
Ek nazar me
- Climate — tropical monsoon
- Annual rainfall — about 1,200 to 1,400 mm
- Monsoon season — June to September
- Rain mainly from the Bay of Bengal branch
- Summer — March to June, about 25 to 45 degrees
- Winter — October to February, about 5 to 25 degrees
- Netarhat is the coolest well known point
- Three agro-climatic zones — IV, V and VI
- Palamu side is the most drought-prone
- High rainfall but low storage — scarcity is common