Jaipal Singh Munda
Jaipal Singh Munda
Jaipal Singh Munda was an Olympic gold-medal hockey captain, a Constituent Assembly member and the political face of the Jharkhand demand for three decades. Tribal society called him Marang Gomke, the great leader.
Born — 3 January 1903, Takra Pahantoli | Died — 20 March 1970 | Title — Marang Gomke
Life in brief
- Born on 3 January 1903 at Takra Pahantoli, in present Khunti district
- Educated at St Paul's School, Ranchi and then at Oxford
- Captained the Indian hockey team to gold at the 1928 Amsterdam Olympicsबार-बार पूछा जाता है
- Called Marang Gomke, meaning great leader, in Mundari
- Died on 20 March 1970 in New Delhi
Political career
- Became president of the Adivasi Mahasabha in 1939
- Led the reorganisation of the Mahasabha into the Jharkhand Party in 1949-50
- Member of the Constituent Assembly of India, speaking for tribal interests
- Led the Jharkhand Party to become the main opposition party in Bihar in the 1950s
- Merged the party with the Indian National Congress in 1963
- The merger was unpopular and produced several splinter groups
In the Constituent Assembly
- He spoke as the representative voice of India's adivasi population
- He argued that tribal people were the country's oldest inhabitants, not a backward addition
- He supported constitutional protection for tribal land and self-government
- The Fifth Schedule and the reservation framework reflect concerns he pressed
- His speeches are quoted in almost every account of tribal rights in the Constitution
Career at a glance
| Year | Milestone |
|---|---|
| 1903 | Born at Takra Pahantoli |
| 1928 | Captains India to Olympic hockey gold at Amsterdam |
| 1939 | President of the Adivasi Mahasabha |
| 1946 to 1950 | Member of the Constituent Assembly |
| 1949 to 1950 | Jharkhand Party formed under his leadership |
| 1963 | Merges the Jharkhand Party with the Congress |
| 1970 | Dies in New Delhi |
How to assess him
- He gave the tribal demand a national voice for the first time
- He proved that constitutional politics could carry a tribal agenda
- The 1963 merger is the most criticised decision of his career
- That merger created the vacuum which the JMM later filled
- Jharkhand's central university at Ranchi is named after him
Other names of the movement era
- Theble Oraon and Paul Dayal — organisers of the 1915 to 1938 phase
- Ram Dayal Munda — scholar who helped unite the movement in the 1980s
- Binod Bihari Mahato — leader who brought the Kurmi and Sadan base into the movement
- Shibu Soren — the mass leader of the JMM phase
- A. K. Roy — the left leader who linked the mining working class to the demand
- The movement's strength came from combining these very different bases
मरांग गोमके (Marang Gomke) मुंडारी शब्द है जिसका अर्थ है 'महान नेता'। जयपाल सिंह मुंडा को यही उपाधि जनजातीय समाज ने दी।
Memory hook — Ek aadmi, teen bhoomika — 1928 Olympic gold, 1939 Mahasabha adhyaksh, 1950 Jharkhand Party. Aur ek galti — 1963 Congress me vilay.
Yahan confuse hote hain — Olympic ka saal aur rajniti ka saal aksar mil jaate hain.
✗ Jaipal Singh won Olympic gold in 1938 | ✓ Olympic gold as captain in 1928; Mahasabha presidency in 1939
✗ Jaipal Singh ne 1938 me Adivasi Mahasabha ki sthapna ki | ✓ Mahasabha 1938 me bani; ve 1939 me adhyaksh bane
Exam pointer — JSSC CGL, JKCE aur JTET me Jaipal Singh par seedha question aata hai — Olympic, Marang Gomke, Jharkhand Party. JPSC me Constituent Assembly wala angle aur 1963 ke vilay ka mulyankan Mains me poochha ja sakta hai. Do saal — 1928 aur 1963 — kabhi mat bhulo.
Ek nazar me
- Born 3 January 1903, Takra Pahantoli, Khunti belt
- Educated at St Paul's Ranchi and Oxford
- Captain of India's 1928 Olympic gold hockey team
- Title — Marang Gomke
- President of the Adivasi Mahasabha from 1939
- Member of the Constituent Assembly
- Founded the Jharkhand Party in 1949-50
- Main opposition party in Bihar in the 1950s
- Merged the party with the Congress in 1963
- Died 20 March 1970 in New Delhi