National Park and Sanctuaries
National Park and Sanctuaries
Jharkhand has one national park, Betla, one tiger reserve, Palamau, and eleven wildlife sanctuaries. Betla and Palamau lie in the same forest tract of Latehar and Palamu, which is why the two names are so often confused.
National park — 1, Betla | Tiger reserve — 1, Palamau | Wildlife sanctuaries — 11
The protected areas
| Protected area | District belt | Known for |
|---|---|---|
| Betla National Park | Latehar | The state's only national park, notified 1986 |
| Palamau Tiger Reserve | Latehar and Palamu | Among India's first nine tiger reserves |
| Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary | East Singhbhum | Elephants; near Jamshedpur |
| Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary | Hazaribagh | Deer, sambar and leopard habitat |
| Mahuadanr Wolf Sanctuary | Latehar | Breeding ground for the Indian wolf |
| Udhwa Lake Bird Sanctuary | Sahibganj | The state's only bird sanctuary |
| Palkot Wildlife Sanctuary | Gumla | Dense forest with varied fauna |
| Topchanchi Wildlife Sanctuary | Dhanbad | Lake and forest habitat |
| Lawalong Wildlife Sanctuary | Chatra | Forested tract of the north |
| Koderma Wildlife Sanctuary | Koderma | Dry deciduous forest of the mica belt |
| Parasnath Wildlife Sanctuary | Giridih | Around the state's highest hill |
Betla and Palamau
- Betla is the state's only national park, notified in 1986बार-बार पूछा जाता है
- Palamau Tiger Reserve was among the first nine reserves created under Project Tiger
- Both lie in the same forest block on the Latehar and Palamu side
- The tract carries tiger, elephant, leopard, gaur, sambar and chital
- The old Palamu forts stand inside this forest area
- Palamau is also linked with the first scientific census of tigers by pug marks
Sanctuaries with a special claim
- Dalma — the elephant tract; the annual elephant movement is famous locally
- Mahuadanr — among India's few protected areas for the Indian wolf
- Udhwa Lake — the only bird sanctuary of the state, in Sahibganj
- Parasnath — sanctuary around the state's highest hill and Jain tirth
- Saranda — not a sanctuary but a famous sal forest block in West Singhbhum
Wildlife of the state
- Flagship species — elephant, the state animal
- Tiger presence is limited and is concentrated in the Palamau tract
- Other mammals — leopard, gaur, sambar, chital, sloth bear, wolf
- Birds — koel, the state bird, plus migratory waterfowl at Udhwa
- Human-elephant conflict is a recurring problem in the southern districts
How the categories differ
| Category | What it means | Example in Jharkhand |
|---|---|---|
| National park | Highest protection; no grazing or private rights | Betla |
| Wildlife sanctuary | Protected, but some regulated rights may continue | Dalma, Hazaribagh |
| Tiger reserve | Notified under Project Tiger with core and buffer zones | Palamau |
| Reserved and protected forest | Managed forest land under the forest law | Most forest of the state |
बेतला राष्ट्रीय उद्यान और पलामू टाइगर रिजर्व एक ही वन क्षेत्र में हैं, पर दोनों अलग दर्जे की इकाइयां हैं — एक राष्ट्रीय उद्यान है, दूसरा बाघ परियोजना का रिजर्व।
Memory hook — Ek-ek-gyarah ka jod — 1 rashtriya udyan, 1 tiger reserve, 11 abhyaranya. Aur do khaas — Mahuadanr = bhediya, Udhwa = pakshi.
Yahan confuse hote hain — Betla aur Palamau ek jagah hain par ek cheez nahi.
✗ Betla and Palamau Tiger Reserve are the same designation | ✓ Betla is a national park; Palamau is a tiger reserve, in the same forest tract
✗ Dalma bagh ke liye prasiddh hai | ✓ Dalma hathiyon ke liye prasiddh hai
Exam pointer — JSSC CGL, JKCE aur JTET me abhyaranya-zila matching aur sankhya seedhe aate hain — 1, 1 aur 11 rat lo. JPSC me manav-hathi sangharsh, Saranda ka mudda aur wildlife corridor Mains me aate hain. Ye topic chhota hai par har paper me ek question deta hai.
Ek nazar me
- One national park — Betla, notified 1986
- One tiger reserve — Palamau, among India's first nine
- Eleven wildlife sanctuaries
- Dalma — elephants, East Singhbhum
- Mahuadanr — Indian wolf, Latehar
- Udhwa Lake — only bird sanctuary, Sahibganj
- Parasnath — sanctuary at the highest hill, Giridih
- Hazaribagh, Koderma, Lawalong, Topchanchi, Palkot — other sanctuaries
- State animal elephant, state bird koel
- Saranda is a famous sal forest block, not a sanctuary