Poverty, Migration and Development Indicators
Poverty, Migration and Development Indicators
Jharkhand's central economic puzzle is that a state holding about 40 percent of India's mineral reserves still records high poverty, heavy out-migration and social indicators below the national average.
Literacy 2011 — 66.41 percent | Sex ratio 2011 — 948 | Population 2011 — about 3.30 crore
Development indicators
| Indicator | Jharkhand (Census 2011) |
|---|---|
| Population | About 3.30 crore |
| Literacy rate | 66.41 percent |
| Male literacy | 76.84 percent |
| Female literacy | 55.42 percent |
| Sex ratio | 948 females per 1,000 males |
| Scheduled Tribe share | About 26.2 percent |
| Highest literacy district | Ranchi, 76.06 percent |
| Lowest literacy district | Pakur, 48.82 percent |
Poverty in the state
- Jharkhand is among the states with higher multidimensional poverty in India
- Deprivation shows most in nutrition, schooling years and cooking fuel
- Poverty is concentrated in rural and tribal blocks, not in the industrial towns
- Mining districts can be rich in revenue while their villages remain poor
- This gap between resources and welfare is called the resource curse
- Recent national reports show poverty falling, but the state remains above the national average
Migration
- Out-migration for work is heavy, especially from Santhal Pargana and the western districts
- Common destinations — West Bengal, Delhi, Punjab, Maharashtra and the southern states
- Work is mainly construction, brick kilns, domestic work and factory labour
- Seasonal migration follows the agricultural calendar after the kharif harvest
- Migration of young women for domestic work carries trafficking risk, a recognised state concern
- Remittances are an important income source in migrant-sending villages
Why the indicators lag
- Low irrigation and single cropping keep farm incomes small
- Mining growth is capital intensive and creates few direct jobs
- Displacement removes land without providing durable alternative livelihood
- Difficult terrain and dispersed settlements raise the cost of delivering services
- Historical neglect of the plateau under undivided Bihar left a weak base
What is being tried
- Income support and pension schemes to raise household cash
- The District Mineral Foundation to spend mining revenue in affected areas
- Skill training and migrant support and control rooms in destination states
- Watershed work, dobha and lift irrigation to strengthen farming
- Education and nutrition programmes targeted at the weakest districts
- Anti-trafficking units and safe migration registration for workers leaving the state
- Local employment through MGNREGA works and forest produce procurement
संसाधन अभिशाप (Resource Curse) का अर्थ है ऐसा क्षेत्र जो प्राकृतिक संपदा में समृद्ध हो पर वहां के लोग गरीब रह जाएं। झारखंड इसका सबसे उद्धृत भारतीय उदाहरण है।
Memory hook — Do ankde, do kahaniyan — 40 pratishat khanij, par saksharta 66.41 pratishat. Ye do line saath rakho to poore chapter ka nichod ban jaata hai.
Yahan confuse hote hain — Rajya ki aay aur log ki aay alag cheezein hain.
✗ Rich mineral state means high per capita income | ✓ State revenue can be high while per capita income stays below the national average
✗ Palayan sirf garibi se hota hai | ✓ Palayan garibi ke saath-saath bhoomi hani aur mausami rozgar se bhi hota hai
Exam pointer — JPSC Mains ka sabse aam prashn yahi hai — 'sansadhan sampann par vikas me peeche kyun'. Uttar ka structure: khanan ka swaroop, visthapan, krishi ki kamzori, aur upay. JSSC CGL, JKCE aur JTET me census ke aankde seedhe aate hain — saksharta, ling anupat, ST pratishat.
Ek nazar me
- Population 2011 — about 3.30 crore
- Literacy — 66.41 percent overall
- Male 76.84 and female 55.42 percent
- Sex ratio — 948
- Scheduled Tribe share — about 26.2 percent
- Highest literacy — Ranchi; lowest — Pakur
- Poverty is concentrated in rural and tribal blocks
- Heavy out-migration from Santhal Pargana and the west
- Wealth with poverty is called the resource curse
- Responses — DMF, income support, skills, irrigation
Ab Jharkhand ki arthvyavastha par prashn ExamAtlas mock test me practice karo — JPSC aur JSSC dono pattern me.